Requisitos de embalaje de las baterías de iones de litio: Guía de cumplimiento para el envío y almacenamiento de pilas 18650 (2024)

Overview: Why Lithium-Ion Battery Compliance Matters

Shipping and storing 18650 lithium-ion battery cells is highly regulated due to risks of fire, short circuits, and hazardous material incidents. Regulatory bodies such as PHMSA/DOT (USA), IATA (Air Transport)y UN38.3 set strict global standards. Non-compliance can result in shipment rejection, legal penalties, or catastrophic safety events.

Key Takeaway: Every step—from packaging choice to labeling and paperwork—must be precise, using only approved materials and workflows. This guide leverages the PHMSA 2024 official guide y IATA 2024/2025 regulations for validated compliance.

Quick Reference: Stepwise Compliance Flowchart

Complete these steps in order—each is mandatory:

1. Confirm UN38.3 Pass/Test Summary
2. Classify Your Shipment Type (Loose / With Equipment / In Equipment)
3. Select Only UN-Certified Packaging
4. Individually Insulate & Separate Each Cell
5. Apply Shock, Antistatic, and Movement Protection
6. Seal Outer Box & Affix All Regulatory Labels
7. Correctly Mark with UN Number & IDs
8. Complete Shipping Paperwork/Declarations
9. Systematic Final Check (QA/Checklist)
10. Store or Ship Under Approved Conditions

Download a printable checklist (FedEx official, 2025)

Step-by-Step Packaging & Compliance Guide

1. Preparation & Compliance Check

• Ensure all 18650 cells have passed UN38.3 testing and possess a valid test summary document. Damaged or recalled cells have separate, stricter rules; generally forbidden for air shipment.
• Time Estimate: 2–5 minutes (verification)

Why: UN38.3 compliance is legally required for any lithium-ion cell in commerce. Missing or incorrect documentation is the #1 reason for shipment rejection.

2. Shipment Classification

• Identify if cells are (a) loose, (b) packed with equipment, or (c) packed in equipment.
  • Loose cells (UN3480): Most restrictive, state of charge (SoC) ≤30% for air.
  • With/In equipment (UN3481): Fewer restrictions, but still regulated.

Consejo: Misclassification results in regulatory penalties. If unsure, consult the IATA guidance document.

3. Choose UN-Certified Packaging

• Use only packaging labeled with a visible UN certification (fiberboard, plywood, or metal designed specifically for lithium batteries).
• Do not reuse old boxes or modify containers; DIY packaging is non-compliant.
• Certified supplier example (Creopack)

Time Estimate: 1–3 minutes (inspection)

Why: UN-certified packaging is drop, pressure, and crush tested. Non-compliant containers are the second most common failure point.

4. Cell Separation and Insulation

• Individually separate each 18650 cell using non-conductive dividers, plastic trays, or sealed bags.
• Insulate all terminals with plastic caps, shrink wrap, or electrical tape.
• Avoid any metal-to-metal, cell-to-cell contact.

Tools: Plastic trays, ESD bags, foam, cell wrappers

Why: Short circuits are the biggest risk. Even one unprotected cell can cause thermal runaway.

5. Inner Packaging: Antistatic & Shock-Absorbing Material

• Use foam, bubble wrap, or antistatic materials to fill space and prevent movement.
• Ensure the pack absorbs shock/vibration in transport.
• Add silica gel or desiccant if needed for humidity control.

Why: Reduces the risk of mechanical damage and ESD events, especially during transit mishandling.

6. Seal & Label the Outer Package

• Close and tape the UN-certified outer box securely.
• Affix:
  • UN3480 (loose) / UN3481 (with/in equipment) hazard labels
  • Class 9 hazard label (miscellaneous dangerous goods)
  • Mark with proper shipping name, UN number, shipper/consignee info, and emergency contact
  • No label should be damaged, incomplete, or missing
• Label download/resources (Hazmateam)

Consejo: Pre-printed labels/templates help avoid last-minute mistakes.

7. Documentation: Paperwork for Shipping

• Complete all required forms:
  • Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods (air/sea)
  • Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
  • UN38.3 Test Summary
  • Packing list (if required by carrier)
• Double-check for errors—incorrect paperwork is a frequent cause of audit failure.
• Download sample forms (Hazmateam Guide, pages 17–24)

Pro Tip: Most carriers provide their latest templates—check with their Dangerous Goods desk.

8. Final QA Checklist & Handover

• Review all the above points with a compliance checklist. Use a “2-person check” for accuracy.
• Print and attach checklist for inspector reference.
• FedEx battery packaging checklist (free PDF)

Typical time for a compliant shipment: 20–35 minutes per batch (experienced staff).

9. Storage: Safe and Compliant Practices

• Store in climate-controlled, well-ventilated areas, away from flammable materials, per 2024 US Chemical Storage best practices.
• Use approved lithium battery storage cabinets and proper safety signage.
• Segregate damaged/defective batteries and follow emergency protocols.

Troubleshooting: Common Audit Failures & How to Fix Them

Expert Tip: Conduct monthly ‘audit drills’ and update checklists per the latest DOT/IATA updates.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Can I ship 18650 batteries by air?
A: Only if they have passed UN38.3, state of charge ≤30%, and packaging/process is fully compliant with IATA 2024/2025 rules. Damaged/defective batteries are generally forbidden by air.

Q: What about international shipping differences?
A: Requirements are similar globally. Still, always verify with your carrier’s local Dangerous Goods team—some destinations add special paperwork or labeling.

Q: How do I handle damaged or defective batteries?
A: Use special DOT/UN-approved containment packaging and ship by ground only per DOT rules. Never ship by air.

Q: Do all carriers accept the same documents and formats?
A: Most accept official templates (see FedEx official checklist), but always confirm latest formats and labels before shipping.

Tools, Templates & Downloadable Resources

• FedEx Printable Battery Shipping Checklist (PDF, 2025)
• Hazmateam Lithium Battery Shipping Guide (full workflow, labeling, templates, 2025)
• Life-saving Label Templates & Best Practice Diagrams (pages 13–20)
• US Chemical Storage: Battery Storage Facility Safety (2024)

Pro Tip: Many compliance errors can be avoided by reviewing these resources before every shipment or training session.

References & Further Reading

• PHMSA Lithium Battery Guide—2024 (US official step-by-step)
• IATA Lithium Battery Guidance Document 2024/2025 (air regulations)
• Hazmateam 2025 Step-by-Step Li-ion Shipping and Labeling Workflow
• Creopack UN-Certified Packaging Vendor
• US Chemical Storage—Battery Warehouse Safety Standards

Operator’s On-Screen Checklist (Copy/Paste Ready)

• [ ] All 18650 cells passed UN38.3, no damage or recall
• [ ] Shipment classification (loose/with/in equipment) confirmed
• [ ] UN-certified packaging only (labeled)
• [ ] All cells separated and terminals insulated
• [ ] Antistatic and shock-absorption packed
• [ ] Outer box sealed and all required labels applied
• [ ] UN-number, shipper, consignee, and emergency contact marked
• [ ] Complete paperwork (declaration, SDS, test summary) attached
• [ ] Storage plan set: climate, segregation, and signage
• [ ] Final QA check and 2-person verification done

Summary: Packaging and shipping 18650 lithium-ion cells in compliance with 2024 standards is detail-intensive—but entirely reproducible and safe if you use only UN-certified materials, follow this checklist, and stay up-to-date with regulatory changes. For all shipments, always coordinate with your carrier’s Dangerous Goods desk, and make continuous training and process audits your best line of defense.